Embedded Files
Robert’s Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing, 10th Edition
Intro to Roberts’ Literature: What is it? How does it work?:
Roberts, An Intro lecture: https://youtu.be/pl3JyNKTsNQ
Stories:
-Alice Walker’s Everyday Use, Page 6:
Everyday, A: https://youtu.be/lNU9EoM-n6Q
Everyday, B: https://youtu.be/LR3Zcy0r1c8
Everyday, C: https://youtu.be/51UkftVOq60
-Ambrose Bierce’s An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, Page 83:
Owl, A: https://youtu.be/ZSn7ZRpevCI
Owl, B: https://youtu.be/5zBgQvAx1g0
Owl, C: https://youtu.be/plNPH6nHGQw
Owl, D: https://youtu.be/MFLJX8qWmMU
-William Faulkner’s A Rose for Emily, Page 91:
Rose, A: https://youtu.be/PuMC83R9sbI
Rose, B: https://youtu.be/aT-7ZNeMHNU
Rose, C: https://youtu.be/FiQxTkTUNww
Rose, D: https://youtu.be/3WbG7Qh6684
Rose, E: https://youtu.be/7YRYJsrGkrI
-Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried, Page 97:
-Luigi Pirandello’s War, Page 107:
-Sherman Alexie’s This is What it Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona, Page 129:
-Raymond Carver’s Neighbors, Page 137:
-Shirley Jackson’s The Lottery, Page 140:
-Jamaica Kincaid’s What I Have Been Doing Lately, Page 146:
-Lorrie Moore’s How to Become a Writer, Page 148:
-T. Coraghessan Boyle’s Greasy Lake, Page 168:
-Raymond Carver’s Cathedral, Page 174:
-Susan Glaspell’s A Jury of Her Peers, Page 183:
-Katherine Mansfield’s Miss Brill, Page 196:
-Guy De Maupassant’s The Necklace, Page 200:
Guy de Maupassant’s The Necklace, A: https://youtu.be/T36XqBAV5uE
Guy de Maupassant’s The Necklace, B: https://youtu.be/NX-m2H_AdNQ
Guy de Maupassant’s The Necklace, C: https://youtu.be/27lnFVIhnl0
Guy de Maupassant’s The Necklace, D: https://youtu.be/c5HYcT4j4rk
Guy de Maupassant’s The Necklace, E: https://youtu.be/FFYagvqPWXY
-Amy Tan’s Two Kinds, Page 206:
-Mark Twin’s Luck, Page 213:
-Stephen Crane’s The Blue Hotel, Page 229:
-James Joyce’s Araby, Page 246:
Araby: http://youtu.be/4VyU3WZ3Xsg
-Lu Hsun’s My Old Home, Page 250:
-Yukio Mishima’s Swaddling Clothes, Page 256:
-Cynthia Ozick’s The Shawl, Page 260:
-Ralph Ellison’s Battle Royal, Page 274:
-Ha Jin’s Saboteur, Page 284:
-Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Interpreter of Maladies, Page 291:
-Joyce Carol Oates’ Where are You Going, Where Have You Been?, Page 303:
-Eudora Welty’s A Worn Path, Page 314:
Worn Path, A: https://youtu.be/pY2T-WBhvn0
Worn Path, B: https://youtu.be/jWfXqgbxc74
Worn Path, C: https://youtu.be/bCMSvZG33jQ
Worn Path, D: https://youtu.be/Z3A1g9eAR2c
-Tom Whitecloud’s Blue Winds Dancing, Page 320:
-Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour, page 337:
Story, A: https://youtu.be/00Z-Txb2Cw0
Story, B: https://youtu.be/N59rZO1HXP0
Story, C: https://youtu.be/2BXiRkk64Qs
Story, D: https://youtu.be/ZSzRcwoLZoE
-William Faulkner’s Barn Burning, Page 339:
-Ernest Hemingway’s Hills Like White Elephants, Page 350:
-Alice Munro’s The Found Boat, Page 354:
-Frank O’Connor’s First Confession, Page 361:
-Daniel Orozco’s Orientation, Page 366:
-John Updike’s A&P, Page 370:
-Aesop’s The Fox and the Grapes, Page 388:
-The Myth of Atalanta, Page 388:
-Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown, Page 390:
-Franz Kafka’s A Hunger Artist, Page 398:
-Luke’s The Parable of the Prodigal Son, Page 404:
Son, A: https://youtu.be/cMfUfOgB3kU
Son, B: https://youtu.be/YOp7aQI905I
-Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings, Page 406:
-Katherine Anne Porter’s The Jilting of Granny Weatherall, Page 410:
Granny, A: https://youtu.be/BxIZoCXK2Ps
Granny, B: https://youtu.be/aS2Rqh_bENo
Granny, C: https://youtu.be/f3ZcDp9l82k
Granny, D: https://youtu.be/D90ooGstgpE
-John Steinbeck’s The Chrysanthemums, Page 416:
-James Baldwin’s Sonny’s Blues, Page 443:
-Toni Cade Bambara’s The Lesson, Page 462:
-Anton Chekhov’s The Lady with the Dog, Page 467:
-D.H.Lawrence’s The Horse Dealer’s Daughter, Page 477:
-Americo Paredes’ The Hammon and the Beans, Page 487:
-Edgar Allan Poe’s The Fall of the House of Usher, Page 505:
Usher, A: https://youtu.be/GIKxtY13l3c
Usher, B: https://youtu.be/LqtocYFKxOg
Usher, C: https://youtu.be/xcehxAaykOE
Usher, D: https://youtu.be/jX2tuE5Yx7M
Usher, E: https://youtu.be/KfZyJ3mz4_w
Usher, F: https://youtu.be/QTNeP-ul2ak
-Edgar Allan Poe’s The Masque of the Red Death, Page 516:
Red Death, A: https://youtu.be/UpC4158EQk4
Red Death, B: https://youtu.be/1sPWiyI8FHQ
-Edgar Allan Poe’s The Black Cat, Page 519:
-Edgar Allan Poe’s The Cask of Amontillado, Page 525:
Poe’s The Cask of Amontillado, A: https://youtu.be/tsuoCCwAxew
Poe’s The Cask of Amontillado, B: https://youtu.be/UQuQOuVGbck
Poe’s The Cask of Amontillado, C: https://youtu.be/RdP64JXdIGo
Poe’s The Cask of Amontillado, D: https://youtu.be/u99cSBgEASU
-Chinua Achebe’s Marriage is a Private Affair, Page 549:
-John Chioles’ Before the Firing Squad, Page 554:
-Andre Dubus’ The Curse, Page 558:
-Dagoberto Gilb’s Love in L.A., Page 562:
-Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper, Page 565:
Yellow: http://youtu.be/5g2qRwltZAY
-Flannery O’Connor’s A Good Man Is Hard to Find, Page 575:
-Tillie Olsen’s I Stand Here Ironing, Page 584:
-Z.Z. Packer’s Brownies, Page 589:
-Petronius’ The Widow of Ephesus, Page 602:
-Tobias Woolf’s Powder, Page 604:
Poems:
-Billy Collins’ Schoolsville, Page 642:
Schoolsville: https://youtu.be/idhQ0TRVZD0
-Lisel Mueller’s Hope, Page 644:
Hope: https://youtu.be/chQ4FRYszjk
-Robert Herrick’s Here a Pretty Baby Lies, Page 645:
Here a Pretty Baby Lies: https://youtu.be/9BngOMaqlp4
-Anonymous’ Sir Patrick Spens, Page 649:
Sir Patrick Spens: https://youtu.be/ZkpaanvmcEw
-Gwendolyn Brooks’ The Mother, Page 652:
Gwendolyn Brooks’ The Mother: https://youtu.be/y9S65DkDuao
-Emily Dickinson’s Because I Could Not Stop for Death, Page 653:
Because I Could Not Stop For Death: http://youtu.be/TfHn8x9_0Ak
-Robert Francis’ Catch, Page 654:
Robert Francis’ Catch: https://youtu.be/CWQETKvsf5Q
-Robert Frost’s Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, Page 655:
Woods, A: https://youtu.be/H-tIJDQitbs
Woods, B: https://youtu.be/uh2_-PG31X0
-Thomas Hardy’s The Man He Killed, Page 656:
Thomas Hardy’s The Man He Killed: https://youtu.be/HuxP9-mnNio
-Joy Harjo’s Eagle Poem, Page 657:
Eagle Poem: https://youtu.be/dRY68QPUlqA
-Randall Jarrell’s The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner, Page 658:
Gunner, A: https://youtu.be/9lsDnuPHsrA
Gunner, B: https://youtu.be/fo8wqsoBvws
Gunner, C: https://youtu.be/oH7MRVmN03I
-Ben Jonson’s On My First Daughter, Page 658:
On My First Daughter: https://youtu.be/ugpVwI15oag
-Emma Lazarus’ The New Colossus, Page 659:
The New Colossus: https://youtu.be/XMkqFCvSRgI
-Louis Macneice’s Snow, Page 659:
Snow: https://youtu.be/yuuCYz-5J0M
-Jim Northrup’s Ogichidag, Page 660:
Ogichidag: https://youtu.be/c1gdGb5cfkY
-Naomi Shihab Nye’s Where Children Live, Page 661:
Where Children Live: https://youtu.be/KdtPA_AeKSk
-Octavio Paz’s Two Bodies, Page 662:
Two Bodies: https://youtu.be/tc8sZA-fSCM
-Phil Rizzuto’s They Own the Wind, Page 662:
They Own the Wind: https://youtu.be/b4HOWs_nwTo
-William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 55: Not Marble, Nor the Gilded Monuments, Page 663:
Sonnet 55: Not Marble, Nor the Gilded Monuments: https://youtu.be/CGM8uLIBJPA
-Percy Bysshe Shelley’s To—(“Music,When Soft Voices Die”), Page 664:
To—(“Music,When Soft Voices Die”): https://youtu.be/NApyr6o9jeg
-Elaine Terronova’s Rush Hour, page 664:
Rush Hour: https://youtu.be/tB7hKVwRQ9A
-Robert Graves’ The Naked and the Nude, Page 681:
The Naked and the Nude: https://youtu.be/h0-yL2UW_Qk
-William Blake’s The Lamb, Page 682:
Lamb: http://youtu.be/DdGLn93YHvM
-Robert Burns’ Green Grow the Rashes, O, Page 683:
Green Grow the Rashes, O: https://youtu.be/VW3xRXJXJn0
-Lewis Carroll’s Jabberwocky, Page 684:
Jabberwocky: https://youtu.be/ozCmvSru3Xc
-Hayden Carruth’s An Apology for Using the Word “Heart” in Too Many Poems, Page 685:
An Apology for Using the Word “Heart” in Too Many Poems: https://youtu.be/ylvdjMlCSJ0
-E.E. Cummings’ next to of course god america i, Page 686:
next to of course god america i: https://youtu.be/GMwLSfw3_hQ
-John Donne’s Holy Sonnet 14: Batter My Heart, Three-Personed God, Page 687:
Holy Sonnet 14, Batter My Heart, Three-Personed God: https://youtu.be/wnxYvOBde3E
-Richard Eberhart’s The Fury of Aerial Bombardment, Page 688:
The Fury of Aerial Bombardment: https://youtu.be/TdHiiFDZK8E
-Bart Edelman’s Chemistry Experiment, Page 688:
Chemistry Experiment: https://youtu.be/ZGnmTT1d_Z0
-Thomas Gray’s Sonnet on the Death of Richard West, Page 689:
Sonnet on the Death of Richard West: https://youtu.be/Tg4ly90-Vns
-Jane Hirshfield’s The Lives of the Heart, Page 690:
The Lives of the Heart: https://youtu.be/8BuqDanyhGg
-A.E. Housman’s Loveliest of Trees, the Cherry Now, Page 691:
Loveliest of Trees, the Cherry Now: https://youtu.be/ANNPJ91XxMc
-Carolyn Kizer’s Night Sounds, Page 692:
Night Sounds: https://youtu.be/tH5aqmt9ntM
-Denise Levertov’s Of Being, Page 693:
Of Being: https://youtu.be/XpCiMmEA5-o
-Eugenia Montale’s English Horn, Page 693:
English Horn: https://youtu.be/90vyUa1tcVw
-Judith Ortiz Cofer’s Latin Women Pray, Page 694:
Latin Women Pray: https://youtu.be/cO2CN6RceZc
-Henry Reed’s Naming of Parts, Page 695:
Naming of Parts: https://youtu.be/aIb2Trvw1N8
-Edwin Arlington Robinson’s Richard Cory, Page 696:
Robinson, A: https://youtu.be/-YiHve6liIw
Robinson, B: https://youtu.be/LZhKUnyPEu8
-Theodore Roethke’s Dolor, Page 697:
Dolor: https://youtu.be/UpL54NJwRLA
-Kay Ryan’s Crib, Page 697:
Crib: https://youtu.be/ZlTD-1MmCXs
-Stephen Spender’s I Think Continually of Those Who Were Truly Great, Page 698:
I Think Continually of Those Who Were Truly Great: https://youtu.be/ImoVGUrbrnQ
-Wallace Stevens’ Disillusionment of Ten O’Clock, Page 699:
Disillusionment of Ten O’Clock: https://youtu.be/DFYH1X8QGB0
-Mark Strand’s Eating Poetry, Page 699:
Eating Poetry: https://youtu.be/NEZ5pj9UYq4
-William Wordsworth’s Daffodils (I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud): Page 700:
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud: https://youtu.be/h87hXwopWvs
-Anonymous’ Western Wind, When Wilt Thou Blow?, Page 709:
Western Wind, When Wilt Thou Blow?: https://youtu.be/PWQhiBVxvdM
-Anonymous’ Bonny George Campbell, Page 709:
Bonny George Campbell: https://youtu.be/x16aBfiGBCA
-Ben Jonson’s Drink to Me, Only, with Thine Eyes, Page 711:
Drink to Me, Only, with Thine Eyes: https://youtu.be/c565JJMnEIs
-Ben Jonson’s To the Reader, Page 712:
To the Reader: https://youtu.be/7_rm9Z2zZJ4
-Lisel Mueller’s Alive Together, Page 714:
Alive Together: https://youtu.be/CqXOmH-dSbk
-Sherman Alexie’s On the Amtrak from Boston to New York, Page 716:
On the Amtrak from Boston to New York: https://youtu.be/Shrvi-lNaYE
-Matthew Arnold’s Dover Beach, Page 718:
Dover: http://youtu.be/_1gTTWqMh4E
-William Blake’s London, Page 719:
London: https://youtu.be/9OY0T05lxk4
-Elizabeth Brewster’s Where I Come From, Page 720:
Where I Come From: https://youtu.be/n6pD0VOIHZE
-Robert Browning’s My Last Duchess, Page 720:
Last Duchess: http://youtu.be/XsOg-Lr9DoY
-William Cowper’s The Poplar Field, Page 722:
The Poplar Field: https://youtu.be/OV9qQprZsMQ
-Allen Ginsberg’s A Further Proposal, Page 723:
A Further Proposal: https://youtu.be/N3mciFKJxnE
-Louse Gluck’s Snowdrops, Page 724:
Snowdrops: https://youtu.be/tI5VQWdRmPg
-Thomas Gray’s Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, Page 724:
Churchyard A: https://youtu.be/aVyNw5Rjq_w
Churchyard B: https://youtu.be/G3wOvWVAS0U
Churchyard C: https://youtu.be/Zsb7xL2QQzo
-Thomas Hardy’s The Ruined Maid, Page 728:
The Ruined Maid: https://youtu.be/77wYRgP505w
-Garrett Hongo’s The Legend, Page 729:
The Legend: https://youtu.be/okZx_2NAN8Y
-Dorianne Laux’s The Life of Trees, Page 730:
The Life of Trees: https://youtu.be/EMDO8Auqvmk
-C. Day Lewis’ Song, page 731:
Song: https://youtu.be/UyLlef0k-i4
-Robert Lowell’s Memories of West Street and Lepke, Page 732:
Memories of West Street and Lepke: https://youtu.be/UBxcqjs9vGc
-Christopher Marlowe’s The Passionate Shepherd to His Love, Page 733:
Shepherd: http://youtu.be/XdYf_sW3L6Y
-Joyce Carol Oates’ Loving, Page 734:
Loving: https://youtu.be/IUs1V20oiQ0
-Sir Walter Raleigh’s The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd, Page 735:
Reply: http://youtu.be/XdYf_sW3L6Y
-Christina Rossetti’s A Christmas Carol, Page 736:
A Christmas Carol: https://youtu.be/j2ysWPwo9PM
-Jane Shore’s A Letter Sent to Summer, Page 737:
A Letter Sent to Summer: https://youtu.be/bS3szoYkT-Y
-William Wordsworth’s Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey, Page 738:
Tintern A: http://youtu.be/KcAKQSEROtc
Tintern B: http://youtu.be/iBVDGuLDTvk
-James Wright’s A Blessing, Page 742:
A Blessing: https://youtu.be/WlC6fDW5U74
-John Mansfield’s Cargoes, Page 753:
Cargoes: https://youtu.be/K7xKiWkOHCs
-Wilfred Owen’s Anthem for Doomed Youth, Page 754:
Doomed: http://youtu.be/dWP4ruz-e9s
-Elizabeth Bishop’s The Fish, Page 756:
The Fish, A: https://youtu.be/5KSKh1nfE0I
The Fish, B: https://youtu.be/d_zWDqj611s
-Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Sonnets from the Portuguese, Number 14: If Thou Must Love Me, Page 759:
Sonnets from the Portuguese, Number 14: If Thou Must Love Me: https://youtu.be/6WUXyj1WdKg
-Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s Kubla Khan, Page 759:
Khan: http://youtu.be/vKbL7ULHGhs
-T.S. Eliot’s Preludes, Page 761:
Prelude: http://youtu.be/mpq64Aar2As
-Louise Erdrich’s Indian Boarding School: The Runaways, Page 762:
Indian Boarding School: The Runaways: https://youtu.be/WvnEkdbaemM
-Susan Griffin’s Love Should Grow Up Like a Wild Iris in the Fields, Page 763:
Love Should Grow Up Like a Wild Iris in the Fields: https://youtu.be/0qmR3Bc3OYU
-Thomas Hardy’s Channel Firing, Page 765:
Channel Firing: https://youtu.be/D5bW-3e5fj8
-George Herbert’s The Pulley, Page 766:
The Pulley: https://youtu.be/JpS-Doe5aWw
-Gerard Manley Hopkins’ Spring, Page 767:
Spring: https://youtu.be/xVkeArESNNc
-A.E. Housman’s On Wenlock Edge, Page 767:
On Wenlock Edge: https://youtu.be/5Lsm5mfdFeQ
-Denise Levertov’s A Time Past, Page 768:
A Time Past: https://youtu.be/vR28G7bkCrI
-Thomas Lux’s The Voice You Hear When You Read Silently, Page 769:
The Voice You Hear When You Read Silently: https://youtu.be/8dS-bEbcuQE
-Eugenio Montale’s Buffalo (Buffalo), Page 770:
Buffalo: https://youtu.be/fS3etzN0so8
-Marianne Moore’s The Fish, Page 771:
The Fish: https://youtu.be/aEZDSNyIlz0
-Pablo Neruda’s Every Day You Play, Page 772:
Every Day You Play: https://youtu.be/Vw4ssYBWayI
-Octavio Paz’s The Street, Page 774:
The Street: https://youtu.be/FlWlkV6eugw
-Ezra Pound’s In a Station of the Metro, Page 774:
Metro: https://youtu.be/yEBh8-glsio
-Miklos Radnoti’s Forced March, Page 775:
Forced March: https://youtu.be/QzsTdNtwTwg
-Friedrich Ruckert’s If You Love for the Sake of Beauty, Page 776:
If You Love for the Sake of Beauty: https://youtu.be/mACWBKeRLF0
-William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130: My Mistress’ Eyes Are Nothing Like the Sun, Page 776:
Sonnet 130, A: https://youtu.be/7rRJMn6dPz0
Sonnet 130130, B: https://youtu.be/Zqk0PFdgo4o
-Stephen Stepanchev’s Seven Horizons, Page 777:
Seven Horizons: https://youtu.be/xyYlqpmU23Y
-James Tate’s Dream On, Page 778:
Dream On: https://youtu.be/sJxVa3EsAcU
-David Wojahn’s “It’s Only Rock and Roll, but I Like It”: The Fall of Saigon, Page 778:
“It’s Only Rock and Roll, but I Like It”: The Fall of Saigon: https://youtu.be/vXcNQG1b2XI
-John Keats’ On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer, Page 789:
Homer: http://youtu.be/fBZXwx5DgIA
-John Keats’ Bright Star, Page 792:
Bright Star: https://youtu.be/Cw1J830YfqI
-John Gay’s Let Us Take the Road, page 794:
-Jack Agueros’ Sonnet for You, Familiar Famine, Page 795:
-William Blake’s The Tyger, Page 796:
Tyger, A: http://youtu.be/DdGLn93YHvM
Tyger, B: Sr B Blake, 2
-Robert Burn’s A Red, Red Rose, Page 797:
-John Donne’s A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning, Page 798:
Mourning, A: https://youtu.be/TUQ9eBef9ww
Mourning, B: https://youtu.be/xV4SVPC8Cvo
-Abbie Huston Evans’ The Iceberg Seven-Eighths Under, Page 799:
-Thomas Hardy’s The Convergence of the Twain, Page 800:
-Joy Harjo’s Remember, Page 803:
-John Keats’ To Autumn, Page 802:
-Maurice Kenny’s Legacy, Page 804:
-Jane Kenyon’s Let Evening Come, Page 805:
-Henry King’s Sic Vita, Page 806:
-Robert Lowell’s Skunk Hour, Page 806:
-Judith Minty’s Conjoined, Page 808:
-Pablo Neruda’s If You Forget Me, Page 809:
-Mary Oliver’s Showing the Birds, Page 810:
-Marge Piercy’s A Work of Artifice, Page 811:
-Muriel Rukeyser’s Looking at Each Other, Page 812:
-William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18: Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?, Page 812:
-William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 30: When to the Sessions of Sweet Silent Thought, Page 813:
Sonnet 30: https://youtu.be/hpATkJAFQxY
-Elizabeth Tudor’s On Monsieur’s Departure, Page 814:
-Mona Van Duyn’s Earth Tremors Felt in Missouri, Page 814:
-Deborah Warren’s Clay and Flame, Page 815:
-Walt Whitman’s Facing West from California’s Shores, Page 816:
-William Wordsworth’s London, 1802, Page 817:
London: Sr B Wordsworth's Prelude and London
-Sir Thomas Wyatt’s I Find No Peace, Page 817:
-Cornelius Whur’s The First-Rate Wife, Page 828:
-Wilfred Owen’s Dulce et Decorum Est, Page 829:
Dulce: https://youtu.be/BsJ6iTeYgDg
-Thomas Hardy’s The Workbox, Page 832:
-Alexander Pope’s Epigram from the French, Page 834:
-Alexander Pope’s Epigram, Engraved on the Collar of a Dog Which I Gave to His Royal Highness, Page 835:
-William Blake’s On Another’s Sorrow, Page 836:
-Jimmy Carter’s I wanted to Share My Father’s World, Page 837:
-Lucille Clifton’s homage to my hips, Page 838:
-Billy Collins’ The Names, Page 839:
-E.E. Cummings’ she being Brand/-new, Page 840:
-Bart Edelman’s Trouble, Page 841:
-Martin Espada’s Bully, Page 842:
-Mari Evan’s I Am a Black Woman, Page 844:
-Seamus Heaney’s Mid-Term Break, Page 845:
-William Ernest Henley’s When You Are Old, Page 846:
-David Ignatow’s The Bagel, Page 846:
-Yusuf Komunyakaa’s Facing it, Page 847:
-Abraham Lincoln’s My Childhood’s Home, Page 848:
-Pat Mora’s La Migra, Page 849:
-Sharon Olds’ The Planned Child, Page 850:
-Robert Pinsky’s Dying, Page 851:
-Alexander Pope’s from Epilogue to the Satires Dialogue, Page 852:
-Salvatore Quasimodo’s Auschwitz, Page 853:
-Anne Ridler’s Nothing is Lost, Page 855:
-Theodore Roethke’s My Papa’s Waltz, Page 856:
-William Shakespeare’s Fear No More the Heat o’ th’ Sun, Page 857:
-Cathy Song’s Lost Sister, Page 858:
-Jonathan Swift’s A Description of the Morning, Page 859:
-David Wagoner’s My Physics Teacher, Page 860:
-C.K. Williams’ Dimensions, page 861:
-William Wordsworth’s The Solitary Reaper, Page 862:
-William Butler Yeats’ When You Are Old, Page 863:
Old: http://youtu.be/73jxp3EbJ6M
-Gwendolyn Brooks’ We Real Cool, Page 887:
-Robert Browning’s Porphyria’s Lover, Page 888:
Lover: http://youtu.be/869lBGsnt58
-Emily Dickinson’s To Hear an Oriole Sing, Page 889:
-John Donne’s The Sun Rising, Page 890:
-Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Concord Hymn, Page 891:
Hymn: http://youtu.be/0JIjg05jAqU
-Isabella Gardner’s At a Summer Hotel, Page 892:
-Robert Herrick’s Upon Julia’s Voice, Page 893:
-Gerald Manley Hopkins’ God’s Grandeur, Page 893:
Gods: http://youtu.be/iapSIXOe2vE
-John Hall Ingham’s George Washington, Page 894:
-Philip Levine’s A Theory of Prosody, Page 894:
-Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s The Sound of the Sea, Page 895:
-Herman Melville’s Shiloh: A Requiem, Page 896:
-Ogden Nash’s, Very Like a Whale, Page 896:
-Edgar Allan Poe’s Annabel Lee, Page 898:
-Edgar Allan Poe’s The Bells, Page 899:
The Bells: https://youtu.be/QGnCQH1b18Q
-Alexander Pope, from An Essay on Man, Epistle 1, Page 902:
Essay on Man A: https://youtu.be/4brQQswze_g
Essay on Man B: https://youtu.be/emMSiZQHiIY
-Wyatt Prunty’s March, Page 904:
-Edwin Arlington Robinson’s Miniver Cheevy, Page 904:
-Christina Rosetti’s Echo, Page 906:
-William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 73: That Time of Year Thou Mayst in Me Behold, Page 906:
-Percy Bysshe Shelley’s Ode to the West Wind, Page 907:
West Wind: http://youtu.be/5auJbgWYNu8
-Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s from Idylls of the King: The Passing of Arthur, Page 910:
-David Wagoner’s March for a One-Man Band, Page 911:
-Alfred, Lord Tennyson’s The Eagle, Page 928:
The Eagle: https://youtu.be/0xgCn6TuAbc
-Anonymous’ Spun in High, Dark Clouds, Page 932:
-William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 116: Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds, page 933:
116, A: https://youtu.be/5lnl5OmB_eA
116, B: https://youtu.be/E6WupWdzOpg
-Walt Whitman’s Reconciliation, Page 935:
-E.E. Cummings’ Buffalo Bill’s Defunct, Page 937:
-George Herbert’s Colossians 3:3 (Our Life Is Hid with Christ in God), Page 938:
-George Herbert’s Easter Wings, Page 939:
-Charles Harper Webb’s The Shape of History, Page 940:
-John Hollander’s Swan and Shadow, Page 941:
-William Heyen’s Mantle, Page 942:
-May Swenson’s Women, Page 943:
-Carolyn Forche’s The Colonel, Page 944:
-Elizabeth Bishop’s One Art, Page 945:
One Art: https://youtu.be/pW4AekqWmmk
-Billy Collins’ Sonnet, Page 946:
-John Dryden’s To the Memory of Mr. Oldham, Page 947:
-Robert Frost’s Desert Places, Page 947:
-Allen Ginsberg’s A Supermarket in California, Page 948:
-Robert Hass’ Museum, Page 949:
-George Herbert’s Virtue, Page 950:
-John Keats’ Ode to a Nightingale, Page 951:
Fears and Nightingale: http://youtu.be/2q1ndtyOC4E
-Yusuf Komunyakaa’s Grenade, Page 953:
-Magus Magnus’ Empirical/Imperial Demonstration, Page 954:
-Claude McKay’s In Bondage, Page 955:
-John Milton’s On His Blindness (When I Consider How My Light Is Spent), Page 955:
On His Blindness: https://youtu.be/qMT9TxLc-zM
-Dudley Randall’s Ballad of Birmingham, Page 956:
-Theodore Roethke’s The Waking, Page 957:
-George William Russell’s Continuity, Page 958:
-Percy Bysshe Shelley’s Ozymandias, Page 959:
Ozymandias: http://youtu.be/NhalxYBSSUM
-Dylan Thomas Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night, Page 959:
Gentle: http://youtu.be/q949_0uj7HM
-Jean Toomer’s Reapers, Page 960:
Reapers: https://youtu.be/6C3NLhqu7mA
-Phyllis Webb’s Poetics Against the Angel of Death, Page 961:
-William Carlos Williams’ The Dance, Page 961:
-Virginia Scott’s Snow, page 972:
-Emily Bronte’s No Coward Soul is Mine, Page 978:
-Arthur Hugh Clough’s Say Not the Struggle Nought Availeth, Page 979:
-John Donne’s The Canonization, Page 981:
-Stephen Dunn’s Hawk, Page 982:
-Denise Levertov’s Hunting the Phoenix, Page 1037:
-May Sarton’s The Phoenix Again, Page 1038:
-Muriel Rukeyser’s Myth, Page 1040:
-John Updike’s On the Way to Delphi, Page 1040:
-E.E. Cummings’ in Just-, Page 1042:
-John Chipman Farrar’s Song for a Forgotten Shrine to Pan, Page 1043:
-Robert Frost’s Pan with Us, Page 1043:
-Emily Dickinson’s After Great Pain, a Formal Feeling Comes, Page 1058:
-Emily Dickinson’s The Bustle in a House, Page 1059:
-Emily Dickinson’s The Heart is the Capital of the Mind, Page 1059:
-Emily Dickinson’s I Cannot Live with You, Page 1059:
-Emily Dickinson’s I Died for Beauty-But Was Scarce, Page 1060:
-Emily Dickinson’s I Dwell in Possibility, Page 1061:
-Emily Dickinson’s I Felt A Funeral in My Brain, Page 1061:
-Emily Dickinson’s I Heard a Fly Buzz—When I Died, Page 1062:
Buzz: http://youtu.be/lVVo1K4wtgE
-Emily Dickinson’s I Like to See It Lap the Miles, Page 1062:
-Emily Dickinson’s I’m Nobody! Who Are You?, Page 1062:
-Emily Dickinson’s I Never Lost as Much but Twice, Page 1063:
-Emily Dickinson’s I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed, Page 1063:
-Emily Dickinson’s Much Madness Is Divinest Sense, Page 1063:
Madness: https://youtu.be/JtPaJMgKZwU
-Emily Dickinson’s My Life Closed Twice Before It’s Close, Page 1064:
Closed: http://youtu.be/x-jx4MQOg50
-Emily Dickinson’s My Triumph Lasted Till the Drums, Page 1064:
-Emily Dickinson’s One Need Not be a Chamber—To Be Haunted, Page 1064:
-Emily Dickinson’s Safe in Their Alabaster Chambers, Page 1065:
-Emily Dickinson’s Some Keep the Sabbath Going to Church, Page 1065:
-Emily Dickinson’s The Soul Selects Her Own Society, Page 1066:
Selects: http://youtu.be/eG1Pxq7FngE
-Emily Dickinson’s Success Is Counted Sweetest, page 1066:
Success A: http://youtu.be/r3IuDXe34VQ
Success B: http://youtu.be/qYsX1sP2eEU
-Emily Dickinson’s Tell All the Truth but Tell It Slant, Page 1066:
Tell: https://youtu.be/EP1BxtR-OhY
-Emily Dickinson’s There’s a Certain Slant of Light, Page 1066:
Light: http://youtu.be/F-4MyomIx50
-Emily Dickinson’s Triumph May Be of Several Kinds, Page 1067:
-Emily Dickinson’s Wild Nights—Wild Nights!, Page 1067:
-Robert Frosts’ The Tuft of Flowers, Page 1092:
-Robert Frosts’ Mending Wall, Page 1094:
Wall, A: https://youtu.be/7Z4CT-ccjPY
Wall, B: https://youtu.be/xOw3AYSa88Q
Wall, C: https://youtu.be/C7eIEubvJY0
-Robert Frosts’ Birches, Page 1095:
Birches, A: https://youtu.be/VPucU422lRA
Birches, B: https://youtu.be/Md_SGyE8oOk
-Robert Frosts’ The Road Not Taken, Page 1096:
Road: https://youtu.be/QYUj1SzJKnI
-Robert Frosts’ “Out, Out—“, Page 1096:
Out, A: https://youtu.be/-vHoz7OpXEw
Out, B: https://youtu.be/XkCzDZAeCPE
-Robert Frosts’ The Oven Bird, Page 1097:
-Robert Frosts’ Fire and Ice, Page 1097:
Fire A: https://youtu.be/XWO9MOyEfdw
Fire B: https://youtu.be/KEse7L6qPAs
-Robert Frosts’ Misgiving, Page 1098:
-Robert Frosts’ Nothing God Can Stay, Page 1098:
-Robert Frosts’ Acquainted with the Night, Page 1098:
Acquainted, A: https://youtu.be/JS_WXl7d_aY
Acquainted, B: https://youtu.be/kh0oMHjpEu8
-Robert Frosts’ The Silken Tent, Page 1099:
-Robert Frosts’ The Gift Outright, Page 1100:
Gift: https://youtu.be/Q0ZUIsWrit8
-Robert Frosts’ A Considerable Speck, Page 1100:
-Robert Frosts’ Take Something Like a Star, Page 1101:
-Langston Hughes’ Bad Man, Page 1105:
-Langston Hughes’ Cross, Page 1106:
-Langston Hughes’ Dead in There, Page 1106:
-Langston Hughes’ Dream Variations, Page 1107:
Variations: https://youtu.be/0t0PQftitk8
-Langston Hughes’ Harlem, Page 1107:
-Langston Hughes’ Let America Be America Again, Page 1107:
-Langston Hughes’ Madam and Her Madam, Page 1109:
-Langston Hughes’ Negro, Page 1110:
-Langston Hughes’ The Negro Speaks of Rivers, Page 1111:
Rivers, A: https://youtu.be/cUkceh3D-OM
Rivers, B: https://youtu.be/FG1R473St-s
-Langston Hughes’ 125th Street, Page 1111:
-Langston Hughes’ Po’ Boy Blues, Page 1111:
-Langston Hughes’ Silhouette, Page 1112:
-Langston Hughes’ Subway Rush Hour, Page 1112:
-Langston Hughes’ Theme for English B, Page 1112:
-Langston Hughes’ The Weary Blues, Page 1113:
Weary: https://youtu.be/NgBD3PaogXI
-Sylvia Plath’s Ariel, Page 1119:
-Sylvia Plath’s The Colossus, Page 1120:
-Sylvia Plath’s Cut, Page 1121:
-Sylvia Plath’s Daddy, Page 1122:
-Sylvia Plath’s Edge, Page 1124:
-Sylvia Plath’s The Hanging Man, Page 1125:
-Sylvia Plath’s Lady Lazarus, Page 1125:
-Sylvia Plath’s Last Words, Page 1127:
-Sylvia Plath’s Metaphors, Page 1128:
-Sylvia Plath’s Mirror, Page 1128:
Mirror: https://youtu.be/jncGB9xBlAg
-Sylvia Plath’s The Rival, Page 1129:
-Sylvia Plath’s Song for a Summer’s Day, Page 1129:
-Sylvia Plath’s Tulips, Page 1130:
-AI’s Conversation, Page 1134:
-Anna Akhmatova’s Willow, Page 1135:
-Maya Angelou’s Still I Rise, Page 1136:
-Anonymous’ (Navajo) Healing Prayer from the Beautyway Chant, Page 1137:
-Anonymous’ Lord Randal, Page 1137:
-Margaret Atwood’s Variation on the Word Sleep, Page 1138:
-W. H. Auden’s The Unknown Citizen, Page 1139:
Unknown Citizen, A: https://youtu.be/WkDuKE11CD4
Unknown Citizen, B: https://youtu.be/LAFJjF4-yQM
Unknown Citizen, C: https://youtu.be/Bg4ER0c6vFU
-Wendell Berry’s Another Descent, Page 1140:
-Louise Bogan’s Women, Page 1140:
-Arna Bontemps’ A Black Man Talks of Reaping, Page 1141:
Reaping: https://youtu.be/kvei2nApUmU
-Jorge Luis Borges’ The Art of Poetry, Page 1141:
-Anne Bradstreet’s To My Dear and Loving Husband, Page 1142:
Dear: http://youtu.be/FgpQr_t1dt0
-Emily Bronte’s Love and Friendship, Page 1142:
-Gwendolyn Brooks’ Primer For Blacks, Page 1143:
-Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Sonnets from the Portuguese: Number 43, How Do I Love Thee, Page 1144:
Sonnet 43: https://youtu.be/uRdKGXIY1ys
-Robert Browning’s Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister, Page 1144:
-William Cullen Bryant’s To Cole, the Painter, Departing for Europe, Page 1146:
-George Gordon, Lord Byron’s She Walks in Beauty, Page 1147:
Beauty: http://youtu.be/9Dlj1vYDNv8
-Leonard Cohen’s “The killers that run...”, Page 1148:
-Billy Collins’ Days, Page 1149:
-Stephen Crane’s Do Not Weep, Maiden, for War is Kind, Page 1150:
-Robert Creeley’s “Do you think...”, Page 1150:
-E.E. Cummings’ if there are any heavens, Page 1151:
-Carl Dennis’ The God Who Loves You, Page 1152:
-John Donne’s The Good Morrow, Page 1153:
-John Donne’s Holy Sonnet 10: Death Be Not Proud, Page 1154:
Holy Sonnet 10: https://youtu.be/Z0CCxG7iIiw
-John Donne’s A Hymn to God the Father, Page 1154:
-Paul Laurence Dunbar’s Sympathy, Page 1154:
-T.S. Eliot’s The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, Page 1155:
“Prufrock”, A: https://youtu.be/Tc9yLJORWNI
“Prufrock”, B: https://youtu.be/5PwRby55g2c
“Prufrock”, C: https://youtu.be/xWUNhGptzoQ
“Prufrock”, D: https://youtu.be/_iia1vgGuxI
“Prufrock”, E: https://youtu.be/DmxQF_wWH9w
“Prufrock”, F: https://youtu.be/wvUYyV7v-CQ
-James Emanuel’s The Negro, Page 1159:
-Chief Dan George’s The Beauty of the Trees, Page 1159:
-Nikki Giovanni’s Poetry, Page 1160:
-Daniel Halpern’s Snapshot of Hue, Page 1161:
-Daniel Halpern’s Summer in the Middle Class, Page 1161:
-Frances E. W. Harper’s She’s Free!, Page 1162:
-Michael S. Harper’s Called, Page 1162:
-Robert Hass’ Spring Rain, Page 1163:
-Robert Hayden’s Those Winter Sundays, Page 1164:
-Robert Herrick’s To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time, Page 1164:
To The Virgins: Sr A, Coy and Virgins
-A.D. Hope’s Advice to Young Ladies, Page 1165:
-Gerard Manley Hopkins’ Pied Beauty, Page 1166:
-Carolina Hospital’s Dear Tia, Page 1167:
-Robinson Jeffers’ The Answer, Page 1167:
-Donald Justice’s On the Death of Friends in Childhood, Page 1168:
-John Keats’ Ode on a Grecian Urn, Page 1168:
Urn: http://youtu.be/42UcZaXCRfc
-Galway Kinnell’s After Making Love We Hear Footsteps, Page 1170:
-Yahia Lababidi’s What Do Animals Dream?, Page 1171:
-Katherine Larson’s Statuary, Page 1171:
-Irving Layton’s Rhine Boat Trip, Page 1172:
-Philip Levine’s Islands, Page 1173:
-Li-Young Lee’s A Final Thing, Page 1173:
-Alan P. Lightman’s In Computers, Page 1175:
-Liz Lochhead’s The Choosing, Page 1175:
-Audre Lorde’s Every Traveler Has One Vermont Poem, Page 1176:
-Amy Lowell’s Patterns, Page 1177:
-Archibald Macleish’s Ars Poetica, Page 1179:
Ars: https://youtu.be/iYFtE4dse7I
-Magas Magnus’ Radical Crumb, Page 1180:
-Claude McKay’s The White City, Page 1181:
-Edna St. Vincent Millay’s What Lips My Lips Have Kissed, and Where, and Why, Page 1181:
-N. Scott Momaday’s The Bear, Page 1182:
-Marianne Moore’s Poetry, Page 1182:
-Lisel Mueller’s Monet Refuses the Operation, Page 1183:
-Howard Nemerov’s Life Cycle of Common Man, Page 1184:
-Jim Northrup’s wahbegan, Page 1185:
-Mary Oliver’s Ghosts, Page 1186:
-Simon Ortiz’s A Story of How a Wall Stands, Page 1188:
-Dorthy Parker’s Resume, Page 1188:
-Linda Pastan’s Ethics, Page 1189:
-Linda Pastan’s Marks, Page 1189:
-Molly Peacock’s Desire, Page 1190:
-Marge Piercy’s The Secretary Chant, Page 1190:
-Edgar Allan Poe’s The Raven, Page 1191:
The Raven, A: https://youtu.be/mwckS9X9hjE
The Raven, B: https://youtu.be/iGV703u3T38
-Adrienne Rich’s Diving into the Wreck, Page 1193:
-Alberto Rios’ The Vietnam Wall, Page 1195:
-Luis Omar Salinas’ In a Farmhouse, Page 1196:
-Sonia Sanchez’s rite on: white america, Page 1197:
-Carl Sandburg’s Chicago, Page 1197:
Chicago A: https://youtu.be/CWxHuW2VRBc
Chicago B: https://youtu.be/4HcJlWGMVvQ
-Siegfried Sassoon’s Dreamers, Page 1198:
-Alan Seeger’s I Have a Rendezvous with Death, Page 1199:
-Brenda Serotte’s My Mother’s Face, Page 1199:
-William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 29: When in Disgrace with Fortune and Men’s Eyes, Page 1200:
-William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 146: Poor Soul, the Center of My Sinful Earth, Page 1200:
-Karl Shapiro’s Auto Wreck, Page 1201:
-Leslie Marmon Silko’s Where Mountain Lio Lay Down with Deer, Page 1201:
-Stevie Smith’s Not Waving but Drowning, Page 1202:
Drowning: http://youtu.be/h6qxcXA3adA
-Gary Soto’s Oranges, Page 1203:
-William Stafford’s Traveling Through the Dark, page 1204:
Traveling: https://youtu.be/aMpIEFQhF3c
-Gerald’s Stern’s Burying an Animal on the Way to New York, Page 1204:
-Wallace Stevens’ The Emperor of Ice-Cream, Page 1205:
-May Swenson’s Question, Page 1205:
-Dylan Thomas’ A Refusal to Mourn the Death, by Fire, of a Child in London, Page 1206:
-Daniel Tobin’s My Uncle’s Watch, Page 1207:
-Chase Twichell’s Blurry Cow, Page 1208:
-John Updike’s Perfection Wasted, Page 1208:
-Tino Villanueva’s Day-Long Day, Page 1209:
-Judith Viorst’s True Love, Page 1210:
-Shelly Wagner’s The Boxes, Page 1210:
-Alice Walker’s Revolutionary Petunias, Page 1211:
-Edmund Waller’s Go, Lovely Rose, Page 1212:
-Bruce Weigl’s Song of Napalm, Page 1213
-Phillis Wheatley’s On Being Brought from Africa to America, Page 1214:
-Walt Whitman’s Beat! Beat! Drums!, Page 1214:
-Walt Whitman’s Dirge for Two Veterans, Page 1215:
-Walt Whitman’s Full of Life Now, Page 1216:
-Walt Whitman’s I Hear America Singing, Page 1216:
Hear: https://youtu.be/5d7A3vkkXnA
-John Greenleaf Whittier’s The Bartholdi Statue, Page 1216:
-Richard Wilbur’s Love Calls Us to the Things of the World, page 1217:
-William Carlos Williams’ The Red Wheelbarrow, Page 1218:
Red, A: https://youtu.be/xAVk5nTcBns
Red, B: https://youtu.be/2vmuJlhszmI
Red, C: https://youtu.be/6YxW0mLxIwY
-William Butler Yeats’ The Wild Swans at Coole, Page 1218:
Swans: http://youtu.be/bJg_9pGyflE
-Lisa Zaran’s Go On, Page 1219:
-Paul Zimmer’s The Day Zimmer Lost Religion, Page 1220:
Plays:
-Anonymous’ The Visit to the Sepulcher, Page 1243:
-Edward Albee’s The Sandbox, Page 1253:
-Susan Glaspell’s Trifles, Page 1259:
-Betty Keller’s Tea Party, Page 1271:
-Jane Martin’s Beauty, Page 1276:
-Eugene O’Neill’s Before Breakfast, Page 1281:
-Sophocles’ Oedipus the King, Page 1314:
Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex, A: https://youtu.be/_GfLOUCglNw
Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex, B: https://youtu.be/gPB5DbYAZsQ
Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex, C: https://youtu.be/S0ZPGXlWr60
Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex, D: https://youtu.be/rmpsoqaaYnc
Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex, E: https://youtu.be/2BXkvEacn04
-William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, Page 1355:
Intro to Shakespeare: http://youtu.be/ZWSGY6hgd8E
Intro to Hamlet: http://youtu.be/1ivBziLZQ8A
Hamlet 1:
Hamlet, Act 1, A: http://youtu.be/-ufPaHeBs8w
Hamlet, Act 1, B:http://youtu.be/ehHD9BsHqoQ
Hamlet 1, C: http://youtu.be/SINqqz6XIQA
Hamlet 1, D: http://youtu.be/JaiQBqNQWkM
Hamlet 2:
Hamlet 2: A: http://youtu.be/fxf4fFx0zQY
Hamlet 2: B: http://youtu.be/cSndnoBAS8c
Hamlet 2: C: http://youtu.be/OPeg7YmWw1Y
Hamlet 2: D: http://youtu.be/sOn2IkqmZJA
Hamlet 2, E:http://youtu.be/c8HudRIvD2c
Hamlet 2, F:http://youtu.be/FQTzR-vP6QM
Hamlet 3:
Hamlet 3, A: http://youtu.be/gpMv2HA1bAs
Hamlet 3, B: http://youtu.be/NxOhbDPHdzo
Hamlet 3, C: http://youtu.be/YVP_xnRZF4g
Hamlet 3, D: http://youtu.be/ERnnIHWmpRI
Hamlet 3, E: http://youtu.be/cVTqG6wrR8A
Hamlet 3, F: http://youtu.be/0Ar2j91zhjo
Hamlet 4:
Hamlet 4, A: http://www.schooltube.com/video/2a81fe0384fe4c788d1c
Hamlet 4, B:
http://www.schooltube.com/video/d841a4e00c3b4342bc4b
Hamlet 4: C
http://www.schooltube.com/video/aeade1cf7f0147cab333/AP,%20Hamlet%204
Hamlet 5:
Hamlet 5, A: http://youtu.be/yjM_ugYx_68
Hamlet 5, B: http://youtu.be/bRHDVNhyO5A
Hamlet 5 C: http://youtu.be/VlLcU3dn90M
-Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman, Page 1456:
-William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Page 1538:
Intro to Midsummer Night’s Dream, A: https://youtu.be/D9b8VLvl74g
Intro to Midsummer Night’s Dream, B: https://youtu.be/y3cnK6V__ag
-Anton Chekhov’s The Bear, A Joke in One Act, Page 1594:
-Langston Hughes’ Mulatto, Page 1618:
-Luis Valdez’ Los Vendidos, Page 1640:
-Tennessee Williams’ The Glass Menagerie, Page 1650:
-August Wilson’s Fences, Page 1701:
-Henrik Ibsen’s A Dollhouse, Page 1758:
Critical Approaches Important in the Study of Literature:
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